Common Names: Cerro Azul Giant Tortoise, Galapagos giant tortoise, galapagos tortoise, Hood Island Giant Tortoise, Tortuga gigante de las galápagos, Duncan Island Giant Tortoise, Cape Berkeley Giant Tortoise, Abingdon Island Giant Tortoise, Elefantenchildkrote; Galapagos-Riesenschildkrote, Tortue géante des galapagos, Tortue éléphantine, Sierra Negra Giant Tortoise, Volcan Darwin Giant Tortoise, James Island Giant Tortoise, Volcan Alcedo Giant Tortoise
 1. Assessing preferences of two zoo-housed Aldabran giant tortoises (Aldabrachelys gigantea) for three stimuli using a novel preference test.
Learmonth MJ, Sherwen S, Hemsworth PH Zoo biology Zoo Biol Assessing preferences of two zoo-housed Aldabran giant tortoises (Aldabrachelys gigantea) for three stimuli using a novel preference test. 10.1002/zoo.21585 Recent research has uncovered many complex cognitive traits and affective processes in many reptile species, such as the ability to make choices that are rewarding or pleasurable. The investigation herein was initiated after many years of anecdotal reports, and preliminary observations, that the two male Aldabran giant tortoises (Aldabrachelys gigantea), Wilbur and Little John, at Melbourne Zoo (Melbourne, Australia) would approach the fence-line of their enclosure, sometimes multiple times daily, to "solicit" interactions from zoo visitors and/or zoo staff. Following other research with Galapagos giant tortoises (Geochelone nigra), this experiment was a novel preference test with two male Aldabran giant tortoises to assess their individual preferences for three stimuli: (1) human interaction (shell and neck rubs provided using hands); (2) food (highly palatable carrot pieces); and (3) an "enrichment" ball (a red "boomer ball"). The results found that Wilbur highly preferred human interaction and food over the ball; whereas Little John preferred food, and showed some initial interest in the ball, but did not approach the human on any of his 13 human interaction trials. These results reflect previous published findings, that human interaction is a preferred "enrichment," but is dependent upon a multitude of other contextual factors, and is not preferred at all times by all individuals. Individual variation may be very important to understand to have greater positive effect on the welfare-related needs of each giant tortoise housed in captivity. Further research is clearly required to enhance the welfare and well-being of many types of zoo-housed reptiles. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Learmonth Mark James MJ Animal Welfare Science Centre, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. Sherwen Sally S Wildlife Conservation and Science, Zoos Victoria, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. Hemsworth Paul H PH Animal Welfare Science Centre, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. eng Journal Article 2020 12 16 United States Zoo Biol 8807837 0733-3188 IM animal welfare giant tortoise preference testing reptile behaviour tortoise zoo animals 2020 03 05 2020 10 14 2020 11 16 2020 12 16 8 45 2020 12 17 6 0 2020 12 17 6 0 aheadofprint 33325572 10.1002/zoo.21585 REFERENCES, 2020 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=0
2. Evolution of ribosomal internal transcribed spacers in Deuterostomia.
Dyomin A, Volodkina V, Koshel E, Galkina S, Saifitdinova A, Gaginskaya E Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 2017 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=0
3. Rhabdomyosarcoma in a terrestrial tortoise (Geochelone nigra) in Nigeria: a case report.
Eyarefe OD, Antia RE, Oguntoye CO, Abiola OO, Alaka OO, Ogunsola JO Journal of the South African Veterinary Association, 2012 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=0
4. Carriage of antibiotic-resistant enteric bacteria varies among sites in Galapagos reptiles.
Wheeler E, Hong PY, Bedon LC, Mackie RI Journal of wildlife diseases, 2012 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=0
5. Sterilisation of hybrid Galapagos tortoises (Geochelone nigra) for island restoration. Part 2: phallectomy of males under intrathecal anaesthesia with lidocaine.
Rivera S, Divers SJ, Knafo SE, Martinez P, Cayot LJ, Tapia-Aguilera W, Flanagan J The Veterinary record, 2011 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=0
6. Sterilisation of hybrid Galapagos tortoises (Geochelone nigra) for island restoration. Part 1: endoscopic oophorectomy of females under ketamine-medetomidine anaesthesia.
Knafo SE, Divers SJ, Rivera S, Cayot LJ, Tapia-Aguilera W, Flanagan J The Veterinary record, 2011 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=0
7. Herbivorous reptiles and body mass: effects on food intake, digesta retention, digestibility and gut capacity, and a comparison with mammals.
Franz R, Hummel J, Müller DW, Bauert M, Hatt JM, Clauss M Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular & integrative physiology, 2011 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=0
8. Body size development of captive and free-ranging Leopard tortoises (Geochelone pardalis).
Ritz J, Hammer C, Clauss M Zoo biology, 2010 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=0
9. Mast cell tumour in a giant Galapagos tortoise (Geochelone nigra vicina).
Santoro M, Stacy BA, Morales JA, Gastezzi-Arias P, Landazuli S, Jacobson ER Journal of comparative pathology, 2008 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=0
10. Extreme difference in rate of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA evolution in a large ectotherm, Galápagos tortoises.
Caccone A, Gentile G, Burns CE, Sezzi E, Bergman W, Ruelle M, Saltonstall K, Powell JR Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 2004 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=0
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