 1. A meta-analysis reveals temperature, dose, life stage, and taxonomy influence host susceptibility to a fungal parasite.
Sauer EL, Cohen JM, Lajeunesse MJ, McMahon TA, Civitello DJ, Knutie SA, Nguyen K, Roznik EA, Sears BF, Bessler S, Delius BK, Halstead N, Ortega N, Venesky MD, Young S, Rohr JR Ecology Ecology A meta-analysis reveals temperature, dose, life stage, and taxonomy influence host susceptibility to a fungal parasite. e02979 10.1002/ecy.2979 Complex ecological relationships, such as host-parasite interactions, are often modeled with laboratory experiments. However, some experimental laboratory conditions, such as temperature or infection dose, are regularly chosen based on convenience or convention, and it is unclear how these decisions systematically affect experimental outcomes. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis of 58 laboratory studies that exposed amphibians to the pathogenic fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) to understand better how laboratory temperature, host life stage, infection dose, and host species affect host mortality. We found that host mortality was driven by thermal mismatches: hosts native to cooler environments experienced greater Bd-induced mortality at relatively warm experimental temperatures and vice versa. We also found that Bd dose positively predicted Bd-induced host mortality and that the superfamilies Bufonoidea and Hyloidea were especially susceptible to Bd. Finally, the effect of Bd on host mortality varied across host life stages, with larval amphibians experiencing lower risk of Bd-induced mortality than adults or metamorphs. Metamorphs were especially susceptible and experienced mortality when inoculated with much smaller Bd doses than the average dose used by researchers. Our results suggest that when designing experiments on species interactions, researchers should carefully consider the experimental temperature, inoculum dose, and life stage, and taxonomy of the host species. © 2020 by the Ecological Society of America. Sauer Erin L EL 0000-0002-8339-6498 Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Ave, Tampa, 33620, Florida, USA. Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, 1630 Linden Dr., Madison, 53706, Wisconsin, USA. Cohen Jeremy M JM Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Ave, Tampa, 33620, Florida, USA. Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, 1630 Linden Dr., Madison, 53706, Wisconsin, USA. Lajeunesse Marc J MJ Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Ave, Tampa, 33620, Florida, USA. McMahon Taegan A TA Department of Biology, University of Tampa, 401 W. Kennedy Blvd., Tampa, 33606, Florida, USA. Civitello David J DJ Department of Biology, Emory University, 201 Dowman Dr., Atlanta, 30322, Georgia, USA. Knutie Sarah A SA 0000-0001-6423-9561 Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 N. Eagleville Road, Storrs, 06269, Connecticut, USA. Nguyen Karena K 0000-0002-1916-1002 Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Ave, Tampa, 33620, Florida, USA. Roznik Elizabeth A EA 0000-0002-3123-2096 Department of Research and Conservation, Memphis Zoo, 2000 Prentiss Place, Memphis, 38112, Tennessee, USA. Sears Brittany F BF BioScience Writers, 3701 Kirby Dr., Houston, 77098, Texas, USA. Bessler Scott S Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Ave, Tampa, 33620, Florida, USA. Delius Bryan K BK Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Ave, Tampa, 33620, Florida, USA. Halstead Neal N Wildlands Conservation, 15310 Amberly Dr., Suite 250, Tampa, 33647, Florida, USA. Ortega Nicole N Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Ave, Tampa, 33620, Florida, USA. Venesky Matthew D MD Department of Biology, Allegheny College, 520 N Main St., Meadville, 16335, Pennsylvania, USA. Young Suzanne S Environmental Engineering Institute, Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Route Cantonale, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland. Rohr Jason R JR Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Ave, Tampa, 33620, Florida, USA. Department of Biological Science, University of Notre Dame, 100 Galvin Life Science Center, Notre Dame, 46656, Indiana, USA. eng CAREER 83518801 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency International DEB-1518681 National Science Foundation International EF-1241889 National Science Foundation International IOS-1755002 National Science Foundation International ISO-1754862 National Science Foundation International 2009-35102-0543 U.S. Department of Agriculture International R01 GM109499 GM NIGMS NIH HHS United States R01 TW010286 TW FIC NIH HHS United States Journal Article Meta-Analysis Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. 2020 02 12 United States Ecology 0043541 0012-9658 IM Animals Anura Chytridiomycota Mycoses Parasites Temperature Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis amphibian declines chytridiomycosis disease ecology dose response experimental design life stage effects meta-analysis thermal mismatches 2019 05 23 2019 10 25 2019 12 05 2020 1 22 6 0 2020 11 11 6 0 2020 1 22 6 0 ppublish 31960949 10.1002/ecy.2979 Literature Cited, 2020 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=0
2. Evaluating methods for phylogenomic analyses, and a new phylogeny for a major frog clade (Hyloidea) based on 2214 loci.
Streicher JW, Miller EC, Guerrero PC, Correa C, Ortiz JC, Crawford AJ, Pie MR, Wiens JJ Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 2018 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=0
3. Phylogenomics reveals rapid, simultaneous diversification of three major clades of Gondwanan frogs at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary.
Feng YJ, Blackburn DC, Liang D, Hillis DM, Wake DB, Cannatella DC, Zhang P Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2017 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=0
4. Concentrated evolutionary novelties in the foot musculature of Odontophrynidae (Anura: Neobatrachia), with comments on adaptations for burrowing.
Blotto BL, Pereyra MO, Faivovich J, Dias PHDS, Grant T Zootaxa, 2017 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=0
5. The complete mitochondrial genome of Anomaloglossus baeobatrachus (Amphibia: Anura: Aromobatidae).
Vacher JP, Fouquet A, Holota H, Thébaud C Mitochondrial DNA. Part B, Resources, 2016 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=0
6. Postcranial osteogenesis of the helmeted water toad Calyptocephalella gayi (Neobatrachia: Calyptocephalellidae) with comments on the osteology of australobatrachians.
Muzzopappa P, Pugener LA, Báez AM Journal of morphology, 2016 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=0
7. New material of Beelzebufo, a hyperossified frog (Amphibia: Anura) from the late cretaceous of Madagascar.
Evans SE, Groenke JR, Jones ME, Turner AH, Krause DW PloS one, 2014 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=0
8. Efficient sequencing of Anuran mtDNAs and a mitogenomic exploration of the phylogeny and evolution of frogs.
Zhang P, Liang D, Mao RL, Hillis DM, Wake DB, Cannatella DC Molecular biology and evolution, 2013 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=0
9. Unexpected phylogenetic positions of the genera Rupirana and Crossodactylodes reveal insights into the biogeography and reproductive evolution of leptodactylid frogs.
Fouquet A, Blotto BL, Maronna MM, Verdade VK, Juncá FA, de Sá R, Rodrigues MT Molecular phylogenetics and evolution, 2013 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=0
10. Positive Darwinian selection results in resistance to cardioactive toxins in true toads (Anura: Bufonidae).
Moore DJ, Halliday DC, Rowell DM, Robinson AJ, Keogh JS Biology letters, 2009 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=0
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